How to backup your Raspberry Pi SD-Card

In the following I will explain on how you can backup your Pi's SD-card, so that whenever it breaks down, you can simply restore the backup image to a fresh SD-Card. This may also help with tinkering, when you totally screwed up your Pi's Linux-installation. I will explain the first step specifically for Mac OS X, but you can do this similarly on other UNIXes and Linux, by using the mount and umount commands.

So, shut down your Pi using the command sudo shutdown -h now and remove the SD-card after the Pi has done so. Take the card and insert it into your Mac's SD-card slot.

First of all, we need to find out which disk device has been assigned to the card. We can do this with diskutil list:

user@mymacintosh:~ $ diskutil list                                                                

/dev/disk0                                                                                            

   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER                        

   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *512.1 GB   disk0                             

   1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk0s1                           

   2:                  Apple_HFS M4                      511.1 GB   disk0s2                           

   3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             784.2 MB   disk0s3                           

/dev/disk1                                                                                            

   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER                        

   0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *15.9 GB    disk1                             

   1:             Windows_FAT_32                         58.7 MB    disk1s1                         

   2:                      Linux                         15.9 GB    disk1s2                           

Then unmount the card using diskutil unmountDisk:

user@mymacintosh:~ $ diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk1                                              

Unmount of all volumes on disk1 was successful                                                     

Next we will use dd to produce an image, which we can compress using bzip2, or pbzip2 for more performance. You can use MacPorts to install pbzip2.

user@mymacintosh:~ $ sudo dd if=/dev/disk1 | pbzip2 > raspberry_pi_$(date "+%Y-%m-%d").img.bz2 

31116288+0 records in                                                                                                           

31116288+0 records out                                                                                                        

15931539456 bytes transferred in 2347.692010 secs (6786043 bytes/sec)                                                           

Restoring the image is also easy:

user@mymacintosh:~ $ bunzip2 raspberry_pi_2014-03-22.img.bz2 | sudo dd of=/dev/disk1      

Getting Emacs for Mac OS X to honour the shell environment

If your are using the excellent Emacs for Mac OS X distribution, you may have noticed that it does not use the environment you may have defined in your ~/.bashrc. This can be a problem if you are using MacPorts, for example to install clojure and Leiningen. You will get an error message like this, when trying to run inferior-lisp in clojure-mode:

apply: Searching for program: No such file or directory, lein

This can be avoided by using the excellent exec-path-from-shell package for Emacs. It is available via (M)ELPA, just install it using list-packages, or download it from github. You can enable it, especially for OS X, by putting this in your init.el:

(when (memq window-system '(mac ns))
    (exec-path-from-shell-initialize))